Millets (pearl and finger) as nutritional interventions for COVID 19 with focus on Zimbabwe: mini review

Abstract Though COVID 19 vaccines have proved to work effectively against SARS-CoV-2, nutritional interventions are central in boosting the immune system and reduce SARS-CoV-2 effects. The review aims at exploring the link between millets bioactive compounds (nutritional and phytochemical composition) and human immune system, as well as COVID-19 prevention and treatment. This mini review is based on the literature survey in these data sources: web of science, Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate. Based on the nutritional value and their importance in nutritional security, increased consumption of millets can be beneficial in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 establishment. Small grains (pearl and finger millets) contain abundance of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, phenols, proteins, vitamin E, and tannins with antioxidant properties. Results from the review indicated that finger millet-derived foods contain substantially higher content of micronutrients when compared with other cereals including wheat. Pearl millet another important Zimbabwean millet has a significantly high content of dietary fibres, starch, micronutrients, as well as antioxidants. Moreover, many of the millet-derived antioxidants, such as quercetin, and ellagic acid are known to mop up any foreign agents and toxins. This review addressed the link between millets (nutrients and bioactive compounds) and immune system as well as COVID-19 prevention and treatment. However, there is inconclusive data to explain the contributions of millets in COVID-19 prevention and treatment, and this calls for more randomized and controlled clinical trials to ratify their significance in infectious disease prevention and treatment.

Nutritional Value of Millet 

Millet is renowned for its exceptional nutritional content, making it a valuable addition to any diet. Rich in complex carbohydrates, millet provides sustained energy release, ensuring you stay fueled throughout the day without experiencing rapid spikes and crashes in blood sugar levels. Moreover, millet stands out as a complete protein source, boasting all essential amino acids necessary for muscle repair, growth, and overall cellular function. 

This makes it particularly beneficial for individuals following vegetarian or vegan diets. Additionally, millet is brimming with essential vitamins and minerals, including iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and various B vitamins, such as niacin and folate. These micronutrients play critical roles in supporting metabolic processes, enhancing immune function, and promoting overall health and vitality.